The aim of subproject B2 is a comprehensive set of tools, which enables third parties to develop self-optimizing systems. The subproject integrates the specific methods of the other subproject into one holistic design methodology and completes it by integrating domain-spanning procedure models, methods and tools.
Simplified procedural model for designing s.o. systems by the ex- ample of a shuttle (scale 1:2,5)
Procedure models
After the adaptation of the design process of mechatronic systems to self-optimizing systems in the first period of funding, the design process for self-optimizing systems was further particularized and systematized in the second period. Especially the domain-spanning conceptual design phase was examined. A procedure model of four phases was defined. It benefits the cooperation of developers from different domains and supports the domain-spanning specification of the principle solution. The principle solution represents the basis for all the developers’ communication and cooperation in the course of the further concretization. During this concretization the different domains work in parallel.
Specification technique
The previous concept of the specification technique for the description of the principle solution of self-optimizing systems was refined, validated and partly formalized. The specification of the principle solution is composed of eight aspects. They are: requirements, environment, system of objectives, application scenarios, functions, active structure, shape and behavior. Especially the interrelations between these aspects were stated more precisely within the second period of funding.
Design methods
A method for the identification of self-optimizing potential and a method for the structuring of intelligent mechatronic systems were newly developed.
For the identification of self-optimizing potential, the principle solution is analysed for inconsistencies and weak points in a multistage analysis, during the conceptual design phase. The more costly conventional improvements are and the more weak points remain in spite of these improvements, the more advantageously self-optimization is.
Instrument for designing s.o. systems
Especially for self-optimizing systems, the newly developed structuring procedure for advanced mechatronic systems is useful. It is an integral part of the development process with an emphasis on the conceptual design phase. The result of the procedure is a development-oriented structure of the product. It assorts the system’s elements by their different relation aspects into modules and integrates the two basic and mostly contradictious views of a shape- and function-oriented structure of the product.
The use of self-optimization causes an increasing quantity of degrees of freedom of a system. This necessitates to emphasize safety aspects during the development process. It was analyzed how the specification of the principle solution offers a basis for classic techniques for safety analyses.
Furthermore a systematic for the transition from the domain-spanning conceptual design towards the domain-specific concretisation of controller design was developed. It helps to identify the stated control concepts in the principle solution and to transfer these concepts into the domain-specific models of control engineering. Equally the transition towards the models of software engineering was systematized and automatized. It was analysed how graph transformations can be used to execute the transition automatically. Triple graph grammars were used for the implementation. The used transformation rules are not only suitable for the transformation from the domain-spanning principle solution towards domain-specific models, but also for the retransformation. Thus the approach can also be used to guarantee the consistency of domain-spanning and domain-specific models.
Partial models for describing the principle solution of self-optimizing systems
Design environment
All results lead to an architecture concept for a design environment for self-optimizing systems. The architecture follows the KOMFORCE-reference-model. Furthermore a method for process evolution and a procedure for workflow mining were developed for the control and analysis of development processes.
All methods, specification techniques and tools were validated by the ambitious demonstrators of the CRC. The validation affirms the scientific conception of the design tool set and its high relevance for practice. Nevertheless there is some need for research to get a comprehensive set of tools for the development of intelligent mechanical engineering products.
Future research activities aim on the development of methods for the identification of applicable active pattern for self-optimization, for securing reliability of self-optimizing systems and for the estimation of the benefit of self-optimization for a technical system. Furthermore the guarantee of consistency of behavior-models, the automatic forwarding of domain-spanning relevant changes and the assignment of the paradigm of self-optimization to the control of design processes are focused.
Coordinator of the Subproject:
Publications (since 6/2005)
Begutachtete Veröffentlichungen
Adelt, P.; Donoth, J.; Gausemeier, J.; Geisler, J.; Henkler, S.; Kahl, S.; Klöpper, B.; Krupp, A.; Münch, E.; Oberthür, S.; Paiz, C.; Podlogar, H.; Porrmann, M.; Radkowski, R.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Schulz, B.; Vöcking, H.; Witkowski, U.; Witting, K.; Znamenshchykov, O.: Selbstoptimierende Systeme des Maschinenbaus – Definitionen, Anwendungen, Konzepte. HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 234, Paderborn, 2009
Axenath, B.; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Frank, U.: Systematic Requirements-Driven Evaluation and Synthesis of Alternative Principle Solutions for Advanced Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE'06), September 11-15, 2006, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 2006, pp. 159-168
Dangelmeier, W.; Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Frank, U.; Klöpper, B.; Schmidt, A.: Using active patterns for the conceptual design of self-optimizing systems examplified by an air gap adjustment system. In: ASME International, 27th Computers and Information in Engineering (CIE'07) Conference, September 4-7, 2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2007
Donoth, J.; Klöpper, B.; Romaus, C.; Schmidt, A.; Vöcking, H.: Defining a system of objectives for multi agent coordination of function modules within mechatronic systems. In: Proceedings of idetc/cie 2008 asme 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, August 3-6, 2008, New York, USA
Dumitrescu R.; Gausemeier, J; Romaus, C.: Towards the design of cognitive functions in self-optimizing Systems exemplified by a Hybrid Energy Storage System. REM 2009, Glasgow; 10-11 September 2009
Dumitrescu, R.; Kahl, S.: DeeP View (Development Process Viewer) – a Tool for the Interactive Visualization of Product Development Processes. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Modelling and Management of Engineering Processes (MMEP2010), Cambridge, UK, July 19-20
Dumitrescu, R; Gausemeier, j; Kahl, S.: Tool-based approach for the development of self-optimizing systems with solution patterns. In: Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2010 ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 15-18, 2010
Gausemeier, J.: From mechatronics to self-optimizing concepts and structures in mechanical engineering: new approaches to design methodology. International Journal of Computer Intergrated Manufacturing, Volume 18, Number 7, 2005
Gausemeier, J.; Dorociak, R.; Kaiser, L.: Computer-Aided Modeling of the Principle Solution of Mechatronic Systems: A Domain-Spanning Methodology for the Conceptual Design of Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2010 ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 15-18, 2010
Gausemeier, J.; Dorociak, R.; Nyßen, A.: The Mechatronic Modeller. In: A Software Tool for Computer-Aided Modeling of the Principle Solution of an Advanced Mechatronic System, 11th International Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics, September 9th – 10th 2010, Ostrava, Czech Republic
Gausemeier, J.; Dorociak, R.; Pook, S.; Nyßen, A.; Terfloth, A.: Computer-Aided Cross-Domain Modeling of Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of the International Design Conference - DESIGN 2010, Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 17 - 20, 2010
Gausemeier, J.; Dumitrescu, R.; Podlogar, H.: Implementing Cognitive Functions with Active Pattern in Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings of AISM 2008 Third Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics, Hokkaido University, August 27-31, Sapporo, Japan, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Specification Technique for the Description of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. Research in Engineering Design, Springer Verlag, London (angenommen), 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Spezifikationstechnik zur Beschreibung der Prinziplösung selbstoptimierender Systeme des Maschinenbaus. In: Konstruktion, Ausgaben 7/8-2008 und 9-2008, Springer VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Spezifikationstechnik zur Beschreibung der Prinziplösung selbstoptimierender Systeme des Maschinenbaus ' Teil 1. Konstruktion, Juli/August, Heft 7/8, Springer-VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2008, S. 59-66
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Spezifikationstechnik zur Beschreibung der Prinziplösung selbstoptimierender Systeme des Maschinenbaus ' Teil 2. Konstruktion, September, Heft 9, Springer-VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2008, S. 91-108
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Giese, H.; Klein, F.; Schmidt, A.; Steffen, D.; Tichy, M.: A Design Methodology for Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Gesamtzentrum für Verkehr (Hrsg.): AAET 2005 - Automation, Assistance and Embedded Real Time Platforms for Transportation - Airplanes, Vehicles, Trains, Proceedings 6th Braunschweig Conference, February 16-17, 2005, Technical University of Braunschweig, 2005
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Henke, C.; Low, C. Y.: From Domain-Spanning Conceptual Design to Domain-Specific Controller Design of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings of Systems Engineering for Future Capability, February 12-13, 2007, SEIC Loughborough, UK, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Kahl, S.: Methodology for the conceptual design of intelligent mechatronic systems. In: Proceedings 8th International Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM), 14-15 June 2007, Tallinn, Estonia, 2007, pp. 147-152
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Kaiser, I.; Pook, S.: Design of a Spatial Electronic Circuit Carrier by the Example of a Miniature Robot. In: Proceedings of IMECE2006, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 5-10, 2006, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2006
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Low, C.; Henke, C.: Synergistic Impacts of Domain-Spanning Conceptual Design on Control of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: 1st Annual IEEE Systems Conference, April 9-12, 2007, Honolulu, USA, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.: Active Patterns of Self-Optimization as a Means for the Design of Intelligent Systems. In: Lin, Z., Shpitalni, M., Meng, G., Lu, S. (Eds.): New Trends in Engineering Design, Proceedings of the 15th CIRP Design Seminar, May 22-26, 2005, Shanghai, China, 2005
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.; Steffen, D.: Towards a Design Methodology for Self-optimizing Systems. In: ElMaraghy, H., ElMaraghy, W.H. (Eds.): Advances in Design, Springer-Verlag, London, 2006, pp. 61-71
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Schulz, B.: Domänenübergreifende Spezifikation der Prinziplösung selbstoptimierender Systeme unter Berücksichtigung der auf das System einwirkenden Einflüsse. Mechatronik 2005 - Innovative Produktentwicklung, VDI-Berichte 1892.1, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2005, S. 315-336
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.: Entwicklung selbstoptimierender Systeme. Konstruktion, Oktober, Heft 10, Springer-VDI-Verlag, 2005, S. 67-74
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.: Intelligent Systems, Self-optimizing Concepts and Structures. In: Dashchenko, A.I. (Ed.): Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2006
Gausemeier, J.; Frank, U.; Steffen, D.: Specifying the Principle Solution of Tomorrows Mechanical Engineering Products. In: Proceedings of the Design 2006, 9th International Design Conference, May 15-18, 2006, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2006
Gausemeier, J.; Giese, H.; Schäfer, W.; Axenath, B.; Frank, U.; Henkler, S.; Pook, S.; Tichy, M.: Towards the Design of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems: Consistency between Domain-Spanning and Domain-Specific Models. In: 16th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED'07), August 28-31, 2007, Paris, France, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Low, C. Y.; Schulz, B.: Systematic Development of Controllers based on the Principle Solution of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: 10th International Design Conference, May 19-22, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Low, C.Y.; Schulz, B.: From the Principle Solution towards Controller Design of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: 7. Internationales Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Februar 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, Paderborn 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Low, C.Y.; Schulz, B.: Systematic Development of Controllers based on the Principle Solution of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings of the International Design Conference - DESIGN 2008 Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 19 - 22, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Pook, S.: From Mechatronics to Self-Optimizing Systems. In: 7. Internationales Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Februar 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, Paderborn 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Schmidt, A.; Zimmer, D.: Holistic Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings of AISM 2008 Third Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics, Hokkaido University, August 27-31, Sapporo, Japan, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.; Zimmer, D.; Schmidt, A.: Holistic Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of the Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics (AISM) 2008, 27-31 August, Hokkaido University, Japan, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Kaiser, I.; Frank, U.: Knowledge-Based Design of 3D electronic Circuit Carriers. In: ASME International, 27th Computers and Information in Engineering (CIE'07) Conference, September 4-7, 2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Low, C. Y.; Steffen, D.; Deyter, S.: Specifying the Principle Solution in Mechatronic Development Enterprises. In: Proceedings of the SysCon 2008 - IEEE International Systems Conference, Montreal, Canada, April 7-10, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Low, C.Y.; Deyter, S.; Steffen, D.; Deppe, U.: Specifying the Principle Solution in Mechatronic Development Enterprises. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Systems Conference, Montreal, Canada, April 7-10, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Schäfer, W.; Greenyer, J.; Kahl, S.; Pook, S.; Rieke, J.: Consistency Management Between Domain-Spanning Specification and Domain-Specific Models. In: Proceedings of 17th International Conference On Engineering Design, 24-27 August, Stanford, USA, 2009
Gausemeier, J.; Steffen, D.; Donoth, J.; Kahl, S.: Conceptual Design of Modularized Advanced Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings 17th International Conference On Engineering Design, 24-27 August, Stanford, USA, 2009
Gausemeier, J.; Steffen, D.; Kahl, S.: Using DSM for the Modularization of Self-Optimizing Systems. In: Proceedings 9th International Design Structure Matrix Conference, DSM'07, 16-18 October, Munich, Germany, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Donoth, J.; Pook, S.; Schmidt, A.: Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: 7. Internationales Heinz Nixdorf Symposium, 20.-21. Februar 2008, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 223, Paderborn 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Donoth, J.; Pook, S.; Schmidt, A.: Proceeding for the Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: Proceedings of the International Design Conference - DESIGN 2008, Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 19 - 22, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Donoth, J.; Pook, S.; Schmidt, A.: Proceeding for the Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Mechatronic Systems. In: 10th International Design Conference, May 19-22, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2008
Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Frank, U.; Pook, S.; Schmidt, A.: Conceptual Design of Self-optimizing Systems Exemplified by a Magnetic Linear Drive. In: 16th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED'07), August 28-31, 2007, Paris, France, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Frank, U.; Schmidt, A.: Von der Mechatronik zur Selbstoptimierung. In: 3. Internationales Forum Mechatronik ifm 2007, 12.-13. September, Winterthur, Schweiz, 2007
Gausemeier, J.; Zimmer, D.; Podlogar, H.; Schmidt, A.; Donoth, J.: Determination of Active Pattern during the Conceptual Design of Self-Optimizing Systems demonstrated by an Air Gap Adjustment System. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng 2008), August 19-21, 2008, Las Vegas, USA
Gausemeier, J; Donoth, J.; Dumitrescu, R.; Trächtler, A.; Reinold, P.: Self-Optimization – An Approach for Intelligent Mechatronics Exemplified by an X-by-wire Vehicle. 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics – INDIN2010, July 13-16, 2010, Osaka, Japan
Gausemeier, j; Dumitrescu, R.; Kahl, S., Nordsiek, D.: Integrative Development of Product and Production System for Mechatronic Products. In: Proceedings of FAIM2010, Oakland
Geiger, C.; Reckter, H.; Dumitrescu, R.; Kahl, S.; Berssenbrügge, J.: A Zoomable User Interface for Presenting Hierarchical Diagrams on Large Screens. 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 19-24 Juli, San Diego, 2009
Giese, H.; Wagner, R.: Incremental Model Synchronization with Triple Graph Grammars. In: Nierstrasz, O., Whittle, J., Harel, D., Reggio, G. (Eds.): Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MoDELS), October 1-6, 2006, Genova, Italy, Springer Verlag, Volume 4199, 2006, pp. 543-557
Greenyer, J.: Synthesizing Modal Sequence Diagram Specifications with Uppaal-Tiga. Tech. Rep., no. tr-ri-10-310, University of Paderborn, February, 2010
Greenyer, J.; Kindler, E.: Reconciling TGGs with QVT. In: Engels, G., Opdyke, B., Schmidt, D., Weil, F. (Eds.): Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MoDELS 2007, September 30 - October 5, 2007, Nashville, USA, LNCS, Springer Verlag, Volume 4735, Berlin, 2007, pp. 16-30
Henkler, S.; Greenyer, J.; Hirsch, M.; Schäfer, W.; Alhawash, K.; Eckardt, T.; Heinzemann, C.; Löffler, R.; Seibel, A.; Giese, H.: Synthesis of Timed Behavior From Scenarios in the Fujaba Real-Time Tool Suite. In: Proc. of the 31th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Vancouver, Canada, May 2009, pp. 615-618
Henkler, S.; Hirsch, M.; Kahl, S.; Schmidt, A.: Continuous development of a self-optimizing airgap adjustment system for autonomous vehicles. In: Proceedings of idetc/cie 2008 asme 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, New York, USA, August 3-6, 2008
Henkler, S.; Hirsch, M.; Kahl, S.; Schmidt, A.: Development of Self-Optimizing Systems: Domain-Spanning and Domain-Specific Models Exemplified by an Air Gap Adjustment System for Autonomous Vehicles. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and and Information in Engineering Conference, August 3-6, Brooklyn, New York, USA, 2008
Kahl, S; Gausemeier, j; Dumitrescu, R.: Interactive Visualization of Development Processes in Mechatronic Engineering. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Modelling and Management of Engineering Processes (MMEP2010), Cambridge, UK, July 19-20
Kindler, E.; Rubin, V.; Schäfer, W.: Incremental Workflow Mining based on Document Versioning Information. In: Li, M., Boehm, B., Osterweil, L. J. (Eds.): Proc. of the Software Process Workshop 2005, May 25-27, 2005, Beijing, China, LNCS, Springer Verlag, Volume 3840, Berlin, 2005, pp. 287-301
Müller, S.; Schimmel, B.; Geiger, C.; Reckter, H.; Dumitrescu, R.; Weinreich, P.; Schulze, S.: Eine skalierbare Benutzerschnittstelle zur Visualisierung komplexer Diagramme. Mensch und Computer 2009, 6-9 September, Berlin, 2009
Redenius, A.; Steffen, D.: Instruments for planning of development-processes. In: The 1st International Conference on Design Engineering and Sciene, October 28-31, 2005, Vienna, Austria, Wien, 2005, pp. 69-74
Rubin, V.; Günther, C. W.; Aalst, W. M. P. Van Der; Kindler, E.; Dongen, B. F. Van; Schäfer, W.: Process Mining Framework for Software Processes. In: Wang, Q., Pfahl, D., Raffo, D. M. (Eds.): Proc. of International Conference on Software Process (ICSP), May 19-20, 2007, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2007
Schäfer, W.; Eckardt, T.; Henke, C.; Kaiser, L.; Kerstan, T.; Rieke, J.; Tichy, M.: Der Softwareentwurf im Entwicklungsprozess mechatronischer Systeme. In: 7. Paderborner Workshop Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Band 272, März, 2010
Steffen, D.; Gausemeier, J.; Kahl, S.: Development of Modularized Mechatronic Products. In: Proceedings of 2. Grazer Symposium Virtuelles Fahrzeug, 27-28 April, Graz, Österreich, 2009
Dissertationen
Frank, U.: Spezifikationstechnik zur Beschreibung der Prinziplösung selbstoptimierender Systeme. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNIVerlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Band 175, 2006
Redenius, A.: Verfahren zur Planung von Entwicklungsprozessen für fortgeschrittene mechatronische Systeme. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Band 194, 2006
Rubin, V.: A Workflow Mining Approach for Deriving Software Process Models. Dissertation, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Informatik und Mathematik, Universität Paderborn, 2007
Schmidt, A.: Wirkmuster zur Selbstoptimierung - Konstrukte für den Entwurf selbstoptimierender Systeme. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Band 204, 2006
Steffen, D.: Ein Verfahren zur Produktstrukturierung für fortgeschrittene mechatronische Systeme. Dissertation, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Universität Paderborn, HNIVerlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn, Band 207, 2007
